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A House Big and White, and About to Get New Occupants in January
The history of the White House. It dates back to George Washington's time and every president has lived there -- except George Washington. Transcript of radio broadcast: 17 February 2008

VOICE ONE:

Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English. I’m Bob Doughty.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Barbara Klein. In the United States, the third Monday in February is a federal holiday. Federal law calls it Washington's Birthday, honoring the nation's first president. But Americans now commonly know it as Presidents Day. And for this Presidents Day, or Washington's Birthday, we tell you about the presidents' home, the White(a.白种(人)的) House.

The White(a.白种(人)的) House, seen from the South Lawn in April

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VOICE ONE:

George Washington supervised the building of the White(a.白种(人)的) House. Yet he and his wife, Martha, never had the chance to live there. It was completed after he left office in seventeen ninety-seven.

Since then, America has had forty-two other presidents. All of them have lived at sixteen hundred Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, in Washington, D.C. George W. Bush and his wife, Laura, have lived there since two thousand one.

This November, Americans will elect a new president. The new first family will meet with White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) employees after the election to plan for the move. Then the family will move(n.行动，步骤) in on January twentieth, two thousand nine -- Inauguration Day.

VOICE TWO:

President George W. Bush meets with top advisers in the newly-renovated Oval(a.卵形的 n.卵形) Office in 2001

The White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) has an East Wing and a West Wing. The Oval(a.卵形的 n.卵形) Office, the large round room where the president works, is in the West Wing. The first family lives in the East Wing. The official home of the vice president is on the grounds of the Naval Observatory in Washington.

The White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) has more than one hundred thirty rooms. It also has collections of more than forty thousand objects. Presidential families often find things in storage(n.贮藏，保管；仓库) that they like when they move(n.行动，步骤) in. For example, Jimmy Carter's children found a chair that Mary Todd Lincoln, the wife of President Abraham Lincoln, had bought.

First ladies have all added to the White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) in some way. Jacqueline Kennedy, for example, created a colorful garden that is named in her honor.

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VOICE ONE:

George Washington entered office in seventeen eighty-nine. He had great hopes for the house(n.议院，会议厅) he started. In seventeen ninety, he signed an act of Congress to create an area for the federal government in the District of Columbia, along the Potomac River. President Washington and the French city planner Pierre L'Enfant chose the land for the new presidential home.

VOICE TWO:

A competition took place to find a designer. An architect(n.建筑师；创造者) named James Hoban entered a design similar to where the Irish Parliament meets, Leinster House(n.议院，会议厅) in Dublin. Hoban was from Ireland. He won five hundred dollars and a piece of land for his winning design.

Grayish white(a.白种(人)的) sandstone was chosen for the walls. Work started in seventeen ninety-two, while George Washington lived in Philadelphia.

VOICE ONE:

America's second(vt.支持) president was John Adams. He and his wife, Abigail, were the first to live in the new home. They moved in on November first, eighteen hundred. The house(n.议院，会议厅) was not yet finished.

John and Abigail Adams lived in six rooms and used others to entertain guests. But they lived there for only four months.

John Adams lost re-election to Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson tried to finish work on the home. So did the next president, James Madison.

But in eighteen fourteen, British forces invaded Washington. They burned the White(a.白种(人)的) House. President Madison's wife, Dolly, tried to save valuable(n.贵重物品，财宝) objects from the fire as she fled.

She rescued a painting of George Washington. This famous portrait by Gilbert Stuart hangs in the White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) to this day.

VOICE TWO:

After the fire, James Hoban helped rebuild the house(n.议院，会议厅) he had designed. During this time, it was painted white. Over(prep.在(做)…时) the years, the White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) has been enlarged and almost totally rebuilt.

President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush officially open the newly renovated James S. Brady Press(n.印刷机，印刷所) Briefing Room at the White(a.白种(人)的) House

President Bush and First Lady Laura Bush officially open the newly renovated James S. Brady Press(n.印刷机，印刷所) Briefing Room at the White(a.白种(人)的) House

One of the most recent projects was completed in July of two thousand seven. Workers made about eight million dollars in improvements to the press(n.印刷机，印刷所) briefing room. The work included a better look for television, new electrical system, better air conditioning and more comfortable seats. Some of the old ones were broken.

News organizations paid for part of the cost of the work. Reporters moved to temporary offices across the street from the White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) while the press(n.印刷机，印刷所) room was closed for almost a year.

The room is named in honor of former White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) press(n.印刷机，印刷所) secretary James Brady. He and President Ronald Reagan were shot and wounded by a man with mental problems outside(prep.在…外，向…外) a Washington hotel in nineteen eighty-one.

VOICE ONE:

The press(n.印刷机，印刷所) briefing room is built over(prep.在(做)…时) Franklin Roosevelt's old swimming pool. Polio disabled his legs, but President Roosevelt still swam. The pool was built in nineteen thirty-three.

Roosevelt was president from nineteen thirty-three to nineteen forty-five. The thirty-second president led the nation through(prep.因为，由于) the end(n.目标，目的) of the great economic depression(n.消沉；不景气萧条期) and most of World War Two.

He was elected four times, more than any other president. He died in office. Today, the Twenty-second Amendment to the Constitution(n.(人的)体格，素质) limits a person to being elected president twice.

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VOICE TWO:

In nineteen sixty-one, Congress decided that furniture of historic(a.历史的；历史性的) and artistic value(vt.尊重，重视，评价) would always be White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) property. In effect, Congress made the White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) a museum.

As visitors enter the White(a.白种(人)的) House, they see pictures of past presidents on the walls.

In another hall on the same floor are paintings of first ladies. A room off this hallway contains a collection of fine dishes. Each presidency has added to this collection.

VOICE ONE:

Wide marble steps lead to the next floor. It is called the State Floor. Presidents use rooms here for official duties and to entertain guests.

The largest room on the State Floor is the East Room. News conferences and music performances take place here. But this room has had other uses over(prep.在(做)…时) the years.

Abigail Adams hung her family’s clothes to dry(a.干巴巴的，枯燥的) from the wash. Caroline Kennedy, the daughter of the thirty-fifth president, John F. Kennedy, rode her tricycle in the East Room.

VOICE TWO:

President George W. Bush with British Prime Minister Tony Blair in the Blue(a.伤心的；下流的) Room

President Bush with British Prime Minister Tony Blair in the Blue(a.伤心的；下流的) Room

Other rooms on the State Floor are named for their colors: the Blue(a.伤心的；下流的) Room, the Green Room and the Red Room. The president meets with diplomats and other guests in these rooms. They are also used for special events.

The twenty-second president, Grover Cleveland, married Frances Folsom in the Blue(a.伤心的；下流的) Room in eighteen eighty-six. The Green Room held the body(n.物体；(液)体；实质) of President Abraham Lincoln’s son Willie, who died in eighteen sixty-two.

And the nineteenth president, Rutherford Hayes, took his oath(n.誓言，誓约，宣誓) of office in the Red Room in eighteen seventy-seven following a disputed election.

Nearby is the State Dining Room, where big events take place, like official dinners for visiting leaders. The Treaty Room on the second(vt.支持) floor is used for meetings. Important documents have been signed there. At different times, this was the cabinet room or the president's office.

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VOICE ONE:

The next floor of the White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) contains bedrooms for guests. One of these is the Lincoln Bedroom, named for the sixteenth president. But Abraham Lincoln never slept there.

Lincoln used the room as an office while he led the country through(prep.因为，由于) the Civil War in the eighteen sixties. President Lincoln was murdered days after the war ended with the surrender of Robert E. Lee, the Southern general. John Wilkes Booth, a stage actor and supporter of the South, shot Lincoln at Ford's Theatre, not far from the White(a.白种(人)的) House.

Over the years, presidents and other people have reported seeing Lincoln's ghost or feeling his presence in the White(a.白种(人)的) House.

VOICE TWO:

Long gone are the days when people could simply walk into the White(a.白种(人)的) House. In fact, the White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) was closed to visitors temporarily after the terrorist(n.恐怖分子) attacks of September eleventh, two thousand-one.

Information about public tours can(vt.装罐头) be found at whitehouse.gov. Tours are available for groups of ten or more people. Requests for these self-guided tours must be made through(prep.因为，由于) a member of Congress. A limited number(vt.共计，达…之数) of tours are available. People can(vt.装罐头) also see inside the White(a.白种(人)的) House(n.议院，会议厅) through(prep.因为，由于) virtual(a.实际上的，实质上的) tours at whitehouse.gov.

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VOICE ONE:

Our program(vi.编制程序) was written by Jerilyn Watson and Nancy Steinbach and produced by Caty Weaver. I'm Bob Doughty.

VOICE ONE:

And I'm Barbara Klein. Transcripts and MP3s of our programs are on the Web(n.网，丝，网状物) at voaspecialenglish.com. Join us again next week for THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English.

分类:This Is America

更新日期: 2008-02-17

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